UN inspectors to examine Iran's nuclear programme

Daily Mail -- UN nuclear inspectors arrived in Iran on today, hoping to shed light on suspected military aspects of Tehran's atomic work - on the day its lawmakers look set to ban oil exports to Europe in revenge for new EU sanctions.

The head of the International Atomic Energy Agency delegation said he aimed to 'resolve all the outstanding issues with Iran' over the nuclear programme which the West believes is aimed at making weapons but which Iran insists is peaceful.

'In particular we hope that Iran will engage with us on our concerns regarding the possible military dimensions of Iran's nuclear programme,' IAEA Deputy Director General Herman Nackaerts told reporters before departing from Vienna airport.
Confrontational: Iran's president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has cranked up the anti-western rhetoric in recent months

Confrontational: Iran's president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has cranked up the anti-western rhetoric in recent months

That may be a tall order, with Iran insisting its right to peaceful nuclear technology be recognized by sceptical countries which say its uranium enrichment activities - some of which have been moved to a bomb-proof bunker - go beyond what is needed for atomic energy.

Tensions with the West rose this month when Washington and the European Union imposed the toughest sanctions yet in their campaign to force Tehran into making concessions. The measures take direct aim at the ability of OPEC's second biggest oil exporter to sell its crude.

Less than one week after the EU's 27 member states agreed to stop importing crude from Iran from July 1, Iranian lawmakers were due to debate a bill later on Sunday that would cut off oil supplies to the EU in a matter of days.

By turning the sanctions back on the EU, lawmakers hope to deny the bloc a six-month window it had planned to give those of its members most dependent on Iranian oil - including some of the most economically fragile in southern Europe - to adapt.

The head of the state-run National Iranian Oil Company said late on Saturday that the export embargo would hit European refiners, such as Italy's Eni, that are owed oil from Iran as part of long-standing buy-back contracts under which they take payment for past oilfield projects in crude.

'The decision must be made at high echelons of power and we at the NIOC will act as the executioner of the policies of the government,' Ahmad Qalebani told the ISNA news agency.

'The European companies will have to abide by the provisions of the buyback contracts,' he said. 'If they act otherwise, they will be the parties to incur the relevant losses and will subject the repatriation of their capital to problems.'

'Generally, the parties to incur damage from the EU's recent decision will be European companies with pending contracts with Iran.'

Italy's Eni is owed around $1.5 billion in oil for contracts it executed in Iran in 2000 and 2001 and has been assured by EU policymakers its buyback contracts will not be part of the European embargo, but the prospect of Iran acting first may put that into doubt.

The EU accounted for 25 per cent of Iranian crude oil sales in the third quarter of 2011. However, analysts say the global oil market will not be overly disrupted if parliament votes for the bill that would turn off the oil tap for Europe.

'The Saudis have made it clear that they'll step in to fill the void,' said Robert Smith, a consultant at Facts Global Energy.

'It would not pose any serious threat to oil market stability. Meanwhile Asians, predominantly the Chinese and Indians, stand to benefit from more Iranian crude flowing east and at potential discounts.'

Potentially more disruptive to the world oil market and global security is the risk of Iran's standoff with the West escalating into military conflict.

Iran has repeatedly said it could close the vital Strait of Hormuz shipping lane if Western sanctions succeed in preventing it from exporting crude, a move Washington has said it would not tolerate.

The IAEA's three-day visit may be an opportunity to defuse some of the tension. Director General Yukiya Amano has called on Iran to show a 'constructive spirit' and Tehran has said it is willing to discuss 'any issues' of interest to the U.N. agency, including the military-linked concerns.

But Western diplomats, who have often accused Iran of using such offers of dialogue as a stalling tactic while it presses ahead with its nuclear programme, say they doubt Tehran will show the kind of concrete cooperation the IAEA wants.

They say Iran may offer limited concessions and transparency in an attempt to ease intensifying international pressure, but that this is unlikely to amount to the full co-operation required.

The outcome could determine whether Iran will face further international isolation, or whether there are prospects for resuming wider talks between Tehran and the major powers on the nuclear dispute.